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CARBO CONSULT & ENGINEERING (Pty) Ltd

P.O. Box 1397, Cramerview 2060 Johannesburg, South Africa

 
Tel: +27 11 314 1354
Fax: +27 11 314 1480
E-mail: info@carboconsult.com
Web: www.carboconsult.com
THE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY WOOD GAS PRODUCER SYSTEM WITH TAR FREE CONTINUOUS GAS PRODUCTION FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION AND / OR HEAT APPLICATIONS.

13. VACUUM INDICATOR PANELS

A calibrated multi-reading Vacuum Indicator Panel is supplied with each gas producer system. This has the advantage over separate vacuum gauges, since all the readings can be observed simultaneously from a distance.

Since the gas producer hearth vacuum influences all the other vacuums and the whole functioning of the gas producer system, it is necessary to particularly keep this vacuum within the allowable limits specified in the Operator’s Instructions, which is easily done with the aid of the adjustable ash grate activator. The tensioning spring for the cyclone vacuum must also be adjusted so that the cyclone vacuum does not become too high.

During normal operation with the correct ash grate activator speed there is no build-up in the hearth vacuum, the only normal variations being caused by the change in the engine power output.

The system vacuums with the normal allowable limits shown in the Operator’s Instructions, when the engine or gas suction fan is running, refer to the following:
  1. The stopped starter fan, (this must be stopped before the engine is started).
  2. The gas producer hearth.
  3. The cyclone.
  4. The gas scrubber/cooler.
  5. The no.1 and no.2 main filters respectively.
  6. The 5 micron engine gas safety filter.
  7. The engine inlet manifold.
  8. Provision can also be made for indicator readings in the event of a second dual wood gas/diesel engine being powered from the same gas producer.
  9. If with wood gas burner applications a variable speed suction, low pressure delivery gas fan is used, the suction vacuum as well as the delivery gas pressure must then also be indicated.
The Vacuum Indicator Panel is normally situated next to and attached to the gas scrubber and must be clearly visible from a distance by the plant operator.
 
 
 
 

14. GAS PRODUCER FUEL

The whole integral gas producer system has been designed to be completely self contained, even on remote sites where clean suitable dry wood blocks or coarse chips of correct shape and size, or high density sawdust or agricultural harvest waste briquette fuel can be produced economically, or be supplied at a competitive affordable price from a reliable nearby outside source.

Small pulp wood chips can not be used for tar free gas generation, since the small restricted voids between the pulp chip "particles" prevent sufficient primary air penetration. Wood fuel made from most species of both hard and soft wood with the bark left on, including most of the many economically very important alien wood species growing in Africa and other countries, work well as long as the fuel is dry and of the correct piece shapes and sizes and free of slag forming impurities as specified in the Operator’s Instructions. Dry coarse chips and high density sawdust- and ground nut husk briquettes have also worked well as fuel.

Analysis carried out on char produced from high density grass briquettes indicate that these would also work well as fuel. The maximum moisture content for biomass fuel should, however, not exceed 20% by weight when expressed on wet basis, but it is more economical to use dryer wood fuel. The "critical self flow-through volume weight" of the fuel must not be less than 200 kg/m3 or briquettes with a density of at least 1,200 kg/m3 solid mass and of the correct size and piece shapes should be used for reliable safe, continuous self-flow-through. With most wood species this poses no problem.

If it is planned to use any fuel which has not been tested with the gas producer system, it would be advisable to carry out tests. These tests should include determination of the loose volume weight of the fuel, the ash content, the carbon yield and char softness/hardness properties and if possible also the ash cintering temperature and the CAB (critical air blast) value for the char as well as the char reaction time and reaction temperature.

Reprocessed fuel containing plastics can not be used, since the chlorine produced at the high hearth temperature would very quickly destroy the hearth. Also fuel containing sulphur must not be used.

If old waste wood fuel should contain formaldehyde or melamine glues, ammonia would then be produced and contaminate the gas while damaging the aluminium alloy parts of an engine and also causing air pollution.

15. GENERATOR ENGINE CONVERSIONS

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